5 Such risk factors may be modifiable or non-modifiable. By definition, OAB is idiopathic – although multiple risk factors have been identified. The symptoms of OAB are typically associated with detrusor overactivity. The aim of this article is to summarise these updated strategies. 3–5 Since a previous review published in 2012, 6 considerable changes have occurred in recent years with respect to management regimens for patients with OAB and urge urinary incontinence. 1 While OAB may be difficult to completely cure, symptoms can be effectively reduced, and quality of life can be improved without excessive cost or morbidity. Many patients downplay their symptoms of OAB and do not raise the issue with health practitioners. Urgency causing non-voluntary urinary incontinence Definition of symptoms of overactive bladder Further, untreated urinary incontinence may increase the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and may cause significant surrounding inflammatory changes. Increased burden may be felt by the caregiver, thereby affecting the caregiver’s relationship with the patient. 2 The effects of urinary incontinence are not isolated to the patient. 1 The associated sequelae of OAB, including urinary incontinence, have a negative impact on the quality of life of affected individuals. Associated urge urinary incontinence is common, with large American and European studies suggesting that >10% of the general population is symptomatic, with those aged >65 years being twice as likely to be affected. OAB is frequently associated with urge incontinence. Classically, patients with OAB report difficulty suppressing the urge to urinate. Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common syndrome characterised by unstable bladder contractions, resulting in urinary urgency, frequency and nocturia (defined in Table 1).
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